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Louis Billot (12 January 1846 in Sierck-les-Bains, Moselle, France – 18 December 1931 in Ariccia, Latium, Italy) was a French Jesuit priest and theologian. Raised to the cardinalate in 1911, he resigned from it in 1927, the only cleric to have done so in the twentieth century.〔Salvador Miranda, ("Cardinals who resigned the cardinalate (1449-1927)" )〕 ==Biography== Louis Billot was born in and studied at the seminaries in Metz, Bordeaux, and Blois. Ordained a priest on 22 May 1869, he entered the Society of Jesus six months later, on 25 November, in Angers. Billot did pastoral work in Paris from 1875 to 1878, and then in Laval until 1879. He taught at the Catholic University of Angers from 1879 to 1882, and made his final vows as a Jesuit on 2 February 1883, whilst teaching at the Jesuit Scholasticate on Jersey. In 1885, Billot became a professor of dogmatic theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. In addition his academic post, he was named a consultor to the Holy Office on 19 June 1909. A keen proponent of Thomistic scholasticism, Billot became a leading figure in metaphysical and speculative theology. His strong influence on Catholic theology was created by his numerous published works and his many students.〔McCool, Gerald A. "Nineteenth-century Scholasticism: The Search for a Unitary Method". Fordham University Press: 1989.〕 He was instrumental in drafting the 1907 encyclical ''Pascendi dominici gregis'' of Pope Pius X, and was a close friend of Fr. Henri Le Floch, rector of the French Seminary in Rome. Pius X created him Cardinal Deacon of ''S. Maria in via Lata'' in the consistory of 27 November 1911. Billot was one of the cardinal electors in the conclave of 1914, and later participated in that of 1922 as well. He was also one of the three Cardinal-Presidents of the Pontifical Academy "S. Tommaso" in Rome, together with Benedetto Lorenzelli and Michele Lega. He was appointed a member of the Pontifical Biblical Commission on 6 February 1923. Billot died as a simple priest at the Jesuit Novitiate of Galloro, near Ariccia, at the age of 85. He is buried in the Jesuit chapel of the Campo Verano cemetery. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis Billot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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